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Sneezing, folding quilt, thoracolumbar fracture; accidentally fell down, hip fracture; carry a heavy object or hold a child, wrist fracture… this is not a joke.

The first reaction of many friends is that they are still so young. How can they fracture if they twist it? Is fracture not the “patent” of the elderly? Well, you’re wrong. Fractures are largely associated with osteoporosis,

Osteoporosis isn’t just for the elderly.

Friends who have had a physical examination should all remember the “bone density test” project. If the human body is compared to a building, bones are as important as a steel frame. Physical knot is not strong, and bone health is inseparable.

Among bone diseases, osteoporosis is one of the most common and easily overlooked diseases. It often leads to serious consequences such as fractures and paralysis due to untimely discovery, so it is also called a silent killer.

골다공증이란 무엇인가요?

Osteoporosis is a bone disease with reduced bone mass and microstructural destruction of bone tissue leading to an increased risk of fracture. Fractures may cause or aggravate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, life-threatening.

Discovered symptoms

In the eyes of many people, “strengthening bones”, “supplementing calcium” and “preventing osteoporosis” are things that the elderly need to pay attention to. In fact, this is not the “patent” of the elderly. Fractures are largely related to osteoporosis. Among them, menopausal women who prepare for pregnancy and lactation are also at high risk.

Common symptoms
When you have these symptoms, you need to be alert to whether you have osteoporosis:

• ① When measuring height, it is found that the figure becomes shorter, such as several centimeters shorter than when young.
• ② Gradually appear back pain or systemic bone pain, accompanied by leg cramps.
• ③ Unstable walking, general weakness, decreased muscle strength.
• ④ Hunchback appears gradually.
• ⑤ Decreased respiratory function, chest tightness, shortness of breath or dyspnea.

What factors will accelerate lead to osteoporosis?

The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) gives the following risk factors:

• Age: The risk of fracture increases with age.
• Gender: The bone density of postmenopausal women is lower than that of men of the same age. Endocrine disorders lead to low bone mineral density. In women, estrogen in the blood fluctuates and decreases with the menstrual cycle, and a more sharp decline after menopause may lead to a decrease in bone mineral density. Therefore, ovarian dysfunction and decreased estrogen secretion are important reasons for the decrease of bone mineral density in women.
• Low peak bone mass: Peak bone density peaks in youth and then begins to decline, which is an irreversible process.
• Low body mass index: people with underweight ≤ 19kg/㎡ will reduce bone density due to insufficient stress.
• Receiving glucocorticoid therapy: any dose, orally for 3 months or longer.
• Smoking, excessive drinking: has been a number of studies have shown to reduce bone density.
• Insufficient exercise leads to low bone density: the degree of bone development, bone density and exercise are closely related. Important factors that stimulate osteoblast activity during exercise. General young adults appear to reduce bone density, mostly due to lack of exercise, long-term indoor sedentary and other reasons.

When you have a fracture, it’s really too late to fix it,
And bone density testing can be an early assessment of your bone status and possible fracture risk, in order to take measures to prevent fractures.

How is bone density measured during physical examination?

At present, the methods of detecting bone density in the market mainly include: single photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), quantitative CT(QCT), ultrasonic measurement, etc.

The principle of ultrasonic measurement is to use the sound wave conduction velocity and amplitude attenuation degree to reflect the bone mineral content and the condition of bone structure. There is no ionizing radiation and the method is simple, safe and harmless.

Physical examiners only need to put their feet into the bone density detector, keep them still, wait for one to two minutes, and take their feet out. The examination results can be accurately displayed on the computer, which is very convenient.

Ultrasonic bone density detector is suitable for physical examination, only for screening, if the test results have osteopenia or even osteoporosis, it is recommended that dual energy X-ray absorption determination and other further examination, clear diagnosis and early intervention.

How to prevent osteoporosis?

To prevent osteoporosis, it is not just calcium supplementation. First of all, you need to avoid smoking, drinking, drinking espresso, staying up late and other bad lifestyles. Secondly, there are the following points:

• 1，Enough exercise
  Exercise is an ideal way to prevent osteoporosis. Multi-muscle groups participate in dynamic sports, such as jogging, brisk walking, volleyball and tennis.
• 2，A diet rich in vitamin D
  Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium. Among them, cod liver oil ranks first in vitamin D content, followed by deep-sea fish, and animal liver ranks third. As for fruits and vegetables, they recommend cherries, guava, red peppers and other fruits.
• 3, more sun
  The ultraviolet rays in the sun are irradiated on the skin to produce vitamin D, which is then transformed by the liver and kidneys to become active vitamin D, which promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine. It can be said that sunlight is the most convenient, cheapest and most suitable source of vitamin D.
• 4, positive calcium
  The diet of Chinese residents is mainly plant food, and the dietary intake of calcium alone is far from meeting the needs of the human body, so appropriate calcium should be added. Adult daily calcium 1000~1500 mg, pregnant and lactating women should be more appropriate to increase calcium intake. Therefore, it is found that bone density is reduced and calcium supplementation should be actively taken.